Comparative Adjectives

Compare two people, places, or things

Level 2 — Grammar

What is a comparative adjective?

We use a comparative adjective to compare two people, places, or things.

Pattern: A + is + adjective-er + than + B
Pattern: A + is + more + adjective + than + B
My car is older than your car.
This book is easier than that book.
Tokyo is larger than Seoul.
Your garden is more beautiful than my garden.
Watch out: The word is than (t-h-a-n). Not then. Not that.

Step 1 — Count the syllables

Remember last class? Clap the beats. The number of syllables tells you the rule.

SyllablesRuleExample
1 syllableadd -erold → older
1 syllable, ends in -eadd -rlarge → larger
1 syllable, consonant-vowel-consonantdouble the last letter + -erwet → wetter
2 syllables, ends in -ychange y → i + -ereasy → easier
2 syllables, no -ymore + adjectivecheerful → more cheerful
3 or more syllablesmore + adjectivebeautiful → more beautiful
irregularnew wordgood → better, bad → worse

Short word (1 syllable) → -er. Long word (3+ syllables) → more. Two syllables? Look at the last letter.

Rule 1 — One syllable: add -er

1 syllable: adjective + -er
long → longer  ·  cool → cooler
The Nile is longer than the Amazon.

Two spelling changes

Ends in -e: add only -r  →  large → larger, close → closer
Consonant-vowel-consonant: double the last letter + -er  →  wet → wetter, sad → sadder
Quick check: w-e-t = consonant, vowel, consonant → double the t: wetter. But cool → cooler (two vowels, no double). And never double w, x, or y: new → newer.

Rule 2 — Two syllables ending in -y: y → i + -er

2 syllables, ends in -y: change y to i, then add -er
happy → happier  ·  lucky → luckier  ·  easy → easier
Maria is happier than she was last year.
This puzzle is easier than that puzzle.

Say it: hap-py → hap-pi-er. The sound is the same. Only the spelling changes.

Rule 3 — Long adjectives: more + adjective

2 syllables with no -y, or 3 or more syllables: more + adjective
careful → more careful  ·  famous → more famous  ·  beautiful → more beautiful
A nurse is more careful than a child.
Hollywood is more famous than Glendale.

Irregular adjectives — learn them

good → better  ·  bad → worse
Watch out: Use -er OR more. Never both. NOT more longer. NOT more happier.

Exercise 1 — Choose the form

Count the syllables. Click the correct comparative.

1. San Diego is ____ than Seattle. (warm)

2. My grandfather's stories are ____ than my father's stories. (funny)

3. The Mississippi River is ____ than the Los Angeles River. (wide)

4. Fruit is ____ than candy. (healthy)

5. This exercise is ____ than the last one. (difficult)

6. The floor is ____ than the table. (low)

7. Soccer is ____ than golf. (exciting)

8. My hands are ____ than your hands. (dirty)

Exercise 2 — Make the comparative

Say the comparative form. Then click to check.

1. dark → ?

darker — 1 syllable: add -er.

2. lazy → ?

lazier — la-zy: 2 syllables, ends in -y: y → i + -er.

3. popular → ?

more popular — pop-u-lar: 3 syllables: more + adjective.

4. fat → ?

fatter — f-a-t: consonant-vowel-consonant: double the t + -er.

5. late → ?

later — ends in -e: add only -r.

6. angry → ?

angrier — an-gry: 2 syllables, ends in -y: y → i + -er.

7. useful → ?

more useful — use-ful: 2 syllables, no -y: more + adjective.

8. rich → ?

richer — 1 syllable: add -er.

Exercise 3 — Find the mistake

Each sentence has one mistake. Say the correct sentence. Then click to check.

1. This rope is more stronger than that rope.

This rope is stronger than that rope. — -er OR more, never both.

2. My uncle's truck is uglyer than my aunt's car.

My uncle's truck is uglier than my aunt's car. — ends in -y: y → i + -er.

3. Honey is sweet than sugar.

Honey is sweeter than sugar. — the adjective needs -er before than.

4. Health is more important then money.

Health is more important than money. — than, not then.

5. My room is cleaner that your room.

My room is cleaner than your room. — than, not that.

6. Pasta is deliciouser than rice.

Pasta is more delicious than rice. — de-li-cious: 3 syllables: more + adjective.

Exercise 4 — Compare two things

Make a sentence with the adjective in ( ). Then click to check.

1. a drum / a guitar (loud)

A drum is louder than a guitar.

2. the sun / the moon (bright)

The sun is brighter than the moon.

3. a rose / a weed (pretty)

A rose is prettier than a weed.

4. a mountain / a hill (high)

A mountain is higher than a hill.

5. a dictionary / a comic book (helpful)

A dictionary is more helpful than a comic book.

6. 6:00 a.m. / 9:00 a.m. (early)

6:00 a.m. is earlier than 9:00 a.m.

Summary — Comparative Adjectives

RememberExample
Compare TWO things. Use than.My car is older than your car.
1 syllable → -er (double the letter after consonant-vowel-consonant)old → older, wet → wetter
2 syllables, ends in -y → -iereasy → easier
2 syllables no -y, 3+ syllables → morecheerful → more cheerful
Irregulargood → better, bad → worse
Never -er AND more togetherNOT more older

Next class: the biggest, the most beautiful — superlatives!